CBD’s role in modern medicine

1. Clinicaltrial.gov database search, January 2025

2. Abu-Sawwa, Renad, and Caitlin Stehling. “Epidiolex (cannabidiol) primer: Frequently asked questions for patients and caregivers.” The Journal  of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 1 (2020): 75-77.

3. “CBD statistics, data and use (2024).” Forbes Health, April 29, 2024. https://www.forbes.com/health/cbd/cbd-statistics/#cbd_use_ statistics_how_many_people_use_cbd_section

4. Cohen, Stephen P., et al. “Chronic pain: An update on burden,  best practices, and new advances.” The Lancet 397, no. 10289 (2021): 2082–97.

5. Mohammed, Sherin Yasser Mostafa, et al. “Effectiveness of cannabidiol to manage chronic pain: a systematic review.” Pain Management Nursing 25, no. 2 (2024): e76-e86.

6.  Bawa, Zeeta, et al. “An open-label feasibility trial of transdermal cannabidiol for hand osteoarthritis.” Scientific Reports 14,  no.1 (2024): 11792.

7.  Heineman, John T., et al. “A randomized controlled trial of topical cannabidiol for the treatment of thumb basal joint arthritis.” The Journal of Hand Surgery 47, no. 7 (2022): 611-620.

8.  Hunter, D., et al. “Synthetic transdermal cannabidiol for the treatment  of knee pain due to osteoarthritis.” Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 26 (2018): S26.

9.  Xu, Dixon H., et al. “The effectiveness of topical cannabidiol oil in symptomatic relief of peripheral neuropathy of the lower extremities.” Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 5 (2020): 390-402.

10. Capano, Alex, et al. “Evaluation of the effects of CBD hemp extract on opioid use and quality of life indicators in chronic pain patients: A prospective cohort study.” Postgraduate Medicine 132, no. 1 (2019): 56–61.

11. Khan, Rabia, et al. “The therapeutic role of cannabidiol in mental health: a systematic review.” Journal of Cannabis Research 2 (2020): 1-21.

12. Han, Kevin, et al. “Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD)  in anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.”  Psychiatry Research (2024): 116049.

13. Crippa, José Alexandre S., et al. “Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report.” Journal of Psychopharmacology 25, no. 1 (2011): 121-130.

14. Souza, José Diogo S., et al. “Maintained anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol after treatment discontinuation in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 13 (2022): 856846.

15. Crippa, José Alexandre S., et al. “Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol plus standard care vs standard care alone for the treatment of emotional exhaustion and burnout among frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized clinical trial.” JAMA Network Open 4, no. 8 (2021): e2120603-e2120603.

16. Pinto, Jairo Vinícius, et al. “Cannabidiol as a treatment for mood disorders: A systematic review” The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 65, no. 4 (2020): 213-227.

17. Gallego-Landin, Ines, et al. “Reviewing the role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology of depression.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 12 (2021): 762738.

18. Halman, Andreas, et al. “Changes in pain and mental health symptoms associated with prescribed medicinal cannabis use: a one-year longitudinal study.” Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy (2024): 1-13.

19. da Silva Rodrigues, Douglas, et al. “The use of cannabinoids in  children with epilepsy: A systematic review.” Epilepsy & Behavior  145 (2023): 109330.

20. “Dementia statistics” Alzheimer’s Disease International. https://www. alzint.org/about/dementia-facts-figures/dementia-statistics/

21. Jha, Saurabh Kumar, et al. “Cannabidiol and neurodegeneration:  From molecular mechanisms to clinical benefits.” Ageing Research Reviews 100 (2024): 102386

22. Bhunia, Sukanya, et al. “Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders:  A comprehensive review.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 13 (2022): 989717.

23. Navarro, Cristian E., and Juan C. Pérez. “Treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease with a cannabis-based magistral formulation: An open-label prospective cohort study.” Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids 7, no. 1 (2024): 160-170.

24. De Faria, Stephanie M., et al. “Effects of acute cannabidiol administration on anxiety and tremors induced by a Simulated Public Speaking Test in patients with Parkinson’s disease.” Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, no. 2 (2020): 189-196.

25. Leehey, Maureen A., et al. “Safety and tolerability of cannabidiol in Parkinson disease: an open label, dose-escalation study.” Cannabis  and Cannabinoid Research 5, no. 4 (2020): 326-336.

26. Jasinski, Victoria, et al. “Cannabis use in endometriosis: the patients have their say—an online survey for German-speaking countries.” Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 310, no. 5 (2024): 2673-2680.

27. Armour, Mike, et al. “Self-management strategies amongst  Australian women with endometriosis: a national online survey.”  BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 19 (2019): 1-8.

28. Sinclair, Justin, et al. “Cannabis use for endometriosis: clinical and legal challenges in Australia and New Zealand.” Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 7, no. 4 (2022): 464-472.

29. Armour, Mike, et al. “Illicit cannabis usage as a management strategy  in New Zealand women with endometriosis: an online survey.”  Journal of Women’s Health 30, no. 10 (2021): 1485-1492.

30. Carrubba, Aakriti R., et al. “Use of cannabis for self-management  of chronic pelvic pain.” Journal of Women’s Health 30, no. 9 (2021):  1344-1351.

31.  Whitaker, Lucy H.R., et al. “Endometriosis: cannabidiol therapy for symptom relief.” Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 45, no. 12 (2024): 1150-1161.

32. Farooqi, Toobah, et al. “Cannabis and endometriosis: The roles of the gut microbiota and the endocannabinoid system.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 22 (2023): 7071.

33. Okten, Sabri Berkem, et al. “Cannabidiol as a potential novel treatment for endometriosis by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiangiogenic effects in an experimental rat model.” Reproductive BioMedicine Online 46, no. 5 (2023): 865-875.

34. Genovese, Tiziana, et al. “Molecular and biochemical mechanism  of cannabidiol in the management of the inflammatory and oxidative processes associated with endometriosis.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (2022): 5427.

35. Salamon, Maureen. “Are women turning to cannabis for menopause symptom relief?” Harvard Health. October 27, 2022. https://www.health. harvard.edu/blog/are-women-turning-to-cannabis-for-menopausesymptom-relief-202210242837

36. D’Angelo, Martina, and Luca Steardo Jr. “Cannabinoids and sleep: Exploring biological mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7 (2024): 3603.

37. Sui, Ke, et al. “Cannabidiol-treated ovariectomized mice show improved glucose, energy, and bone metabolism with a bloom in lactobacillus.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 13 (2022): 900667.

38.,Pagano, Ester, et al. “Role of the endocannabinoid system in the control of mouse myometrium contractility during the menstrual cycle.” Biochemical Pharmacology 124 (2017): 83-93.

39. Dahlgren, M. Kathryn, et al. “A survey-based, quasi-experimental study assessing a high-cannabidiol suppository for menstrual-related pain and discomfort.” npj Women’s Health 2, no. 1 (2024): 29.

40. Milanova, Valentina, et al. “Efficacy and usability of a cannabidiolinfused tampon for the relief of primary dysmenorrhea.” Journal of Endometriosis and Uterine Disorders 5 (2024): 100057.

41. Simei, João Luís Q., et al. “Research and clinical practice involving  the use of cannabis products, with emphasis on cannabidiol:  A narrative review.” Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 12 (2024): 1644.

42. DSM Nutritional Products. A pharmacokinetic study to compare  CBD-NE to Epidyolex in health adult volunteers under both fed  and fasted conditions. NCT06578455